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Virtual machines (VMs) are software emulations of physical computers that can run an operating system and applications just like a physical machine. They are created by using virtualization software, which allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine.
Virtual machines provide several benefits, including:
1. Server consolidation: VMs enable multiple virtual servers to run on a single physical server, reducing hardware costs and improving resource utilization.
2. Isolation: Each VM operates independently of others, providing isolation and security. If one VM crashes or is compromised, it does not affect the others.
3. Flexibility: VMs can be easily created, cloned, and deleted, allowing for quick deployment and scalability. This makes them ideal for testing, development, and production environments.
4. Hardware abstraction: VMs abstract the underlying hardware, allowing applications to run on different operating systems and hardware configurations without modification.
5. Backup and disaster recovery: VMs can be easily backed up and restored, making disaster recovery more efficient. They can also be migrated to different physical servers without downtime.
6. Energy efficiency: By consolidating multiple virtual servers onto a single physical server, energy consumption can be reduced, leading to cost savings and environmental benefits.
Popular virtualization software includes VMware, Microsoft Hyper-V, and Oracle VirtualBox. Virtual machines are commonly used in data centers, cloud computing environments, and for running legacy applications on modern hardware.