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There are two main types of virtual machines: system virtual machines and process virtual machines. System virtual machines emulate an entire physical computer, including the hardware and operating system, while process virtual machines only emulate the software environment for a specific application.
VMs are commonly used for software development, testing, and server consolidation. They can also be used for running legacy applications, creating sandbox environments for testing and security purposes, and running multiple operating systems on a single physical machine.
Popular virtual machine software includes VMware, VirtualBox, and Microsoft Hyper-V. Cloud providers also offer virtual machines as a service, allowing users to deploy and manage VMs in the cloud without having to manage physical hardware.